![]() There are three basic types of XXE attacks: in-band XXE, out-of-band XXE, and blind XXE. XXEs can be abused by malicious hackers to access local files, URLs on a local network, and more. Such inclusions are called external XML entities (XXE). One use for XML entities in DTDs is to incorporate external content or references into the DTD itself, or into documents that use the DTD. You may be familiar with entities in HTML, for example, & and. To refer to a defined entity, you use its name preceded by an ampersand ( &) and followed by a semicolon ( ). Entities are defined in a DTD using the element. XML entities are placeholder parameters representing characters that are not easily typed or have special meaning. DTDs are sometimes considered outdated (they are derived from SGML, the ancestor of XML), but are still used very often. There are two formats for defining the document type: the more powerful and complex XML schema definitions (XSD) and the simpler, older document type definitions (DTD). Knowing this, the parser can determine whether the input data is a valid XML document of an expected type and then process its content. ![]() What are DTDs and XML entities?īefore an XML parser can process XML input, you need to declare the structure of valid input documents. Examples include SimpleXML for PHP, DocumentBuilder for Java, ElementTree for Python, XmlReader for. To provide such functionality, the web application or API uses a back-end XML parser – usually an imported library written in the same language as the application. For example, they may use XML documents to communicate with inventory management systems or payment gateways.
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